Suchergebnisse

Examines changes in national & ethnic stereotypes among adolescents in six Central & Eastern European countries. The concept of stereotypes is discussed & the ethnic composition of Belarus, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, & Russia is described. It was hypothesized that (1) national/ethnic stereotypes would remain fairly stable over time; (2) worsening macroeconomic situations in the perceivers' country would change stereotypes of national/ethnic outgroups; (3) stereotypes of foreign national groups would reflect shifts in perceived economic/relational features of nation-states. Methods used to circumvent biases that threaten the validity of crossnational comparisons are described. Data were obtained from two panel surveys, 1994/95, with 625 subjects: 108 Russian, 155 Belarusian, 61 Bulgarian, 127 Polish, 109 Hungarian, & 65 Czech secondary school students. The results affirmed the first hypothesis, partially corroborated the second, & confirmed the third. Findings are consistent with theoretical explanations of changes in stereotypes. 5 tables, 39 references. J. Lindroth

Bogardus' concept of social distance is used to examine the position of Russian minorities vis-a-vis the titular populations in the former Soviet republics of Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, Georgia, & Kazakhstan. Maintaining social distance from outgroups is defined as aversive prejudice, ie, simply avoiding contact with outgroup members in the everyday life of workplaces, schools, neighborhoods, & social circles. Analysis of survey data (a total of 2,886 respondents) revealed significant variation among the five republics, with the greatest social distance exhibited in Moldova & the least in Georgia. Social & economic factors affecting the degree of social distance are delineated & the results tabulated. Generally speaking, greater ethnic competition was associated with higher levels of social distance. However, in Georgia, whose economic situation was the worst, there was greater social cohesion, rather than the aversive prejudice one might expect because of competition for scarce resources. Tables. J. Stanton

This chapter explores the positions of Russian minority groups (totaling 25 million individuals) in five countries that had been part of the Soviet Union: Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, Georgia, & Kazakhstan. The Russians, who had considered themselves Soviets rather than Russians, have had to reconsider their national identification, & many have chosen Russian identity, not based on ethnic criteria, but rather on political, socioeconomic or cultural-linguistic terms. Their position in their current countries is affected by individual-level & contextual-level indicators of ethnic competition & assimilation, which were assessed via surveys conducted in urban areas with at least 10% Russians. Individual assimilation factors, in particular, Russian mixed marriages, tended to reduce Russian identification, & contextual ethnic competition factors to increase it, but a puzzling result was that larger proportions of Russian mixed marriage in a given area led to higher levels of Russian identification. Tables. J. Stanton

This examination of the association between nationalist orientations & exclusionist reactions among the Russian & titular populations of five former Soviet republics -- Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, Georgia, & Kazakhstan -- distinguishes between patriotic & chauvinistic nationalism & between social-distance & negative-stereotype exclusionism. The attitudes of both the Russian & titular populations are examined, based on analysis of survey data collected in the mid-1990s. The results confirm two hypotheses: that chauvinism, more than patriotism, was related to negative stereotypes & social distance; but that both types of nationalism were related to more negative stereotypes than to more social distance. Also, it was found that the association between nationalism & exclusionism was greater among the titular than the Russian population. Tables, Figures. J. Stanton